Matchete is a collection of (test) matchers. It is simple, type-safe, concise but yet offers comprehensive error messages. It has no dependencies and is easy to extend.
I'll assume you're already familiar with matchers. If not you can take a look at hamcrest: https://github.com/hamcrest/JavaHamcrest
It can be used along with JUnit by either extending org.backuity.matchete.JunitMatchers or importing org.backuity.matchete.junitMatchers.
class MyTest extends JunitMatchers {
@Test
def myTest() {
"hello" must_== "hello"
}
}Depending on the assertion, the matchers will throw java.lang.AssertionError or org.junit.ComparisonFailure.
Matchete can also be used without a testing framework: extend org.backuity.matchete.AssertionMatchers instead and your matchers will throw java.lang.AssertionError only.
A matcher (org.backuity.matchete.Matcher) is merely
trait Matcher[-T] {
/** if t doesn't conform to the matcher then an exception will be raised */
def check( t : => T) : Any
def description : String
}Matchete is type-safe by default:
// each one of the following line produces a COMPILATION ERROR
"hello" must_== 5 // type mismatch found Int(5) required String
5 must_== 10.0 // type mismatch found Double(10.0) required Int
List(1,2,3) must_== Set(1,2,3) // type mismatch found scala.collection.immutable.Set[Int] required List[Int]
List(1,2,3) must_== Seq(1,2,3) // type mismatch found Seq[Int] required List[Int]but
val name = "john"
name must_== "john" // OK
Seq(1,2,3) must_== List(1,2,3) // OK : List[Int] conforms to Seq[Int]When comparing data structures you often end-up doing a field-by-field comparison:
data.field1 must_== expectedField1
data.field2 must_== expectedField2
// ...
data.fieldN must_== expectedFieldNOr worse when they form a graph of objects
data.field1.field1a.field1a1 == expectedField1.field1a.field1a1
data.field1.field1a.field1a2 == expectedField1.field1a.field1a2
// ...Backuity does this for you, for free!
case class Person(name: String, age: Int, address: Address)
case class Address(street: String)
Person("john",12, Address("rue de la paix")) must_== Person("john",12,Address("rue du bourg")) Will throw the following ComparisonFailure (with JunitMatchers):
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: Person(john,12,Address(street)) is not equal to Person(john,12,Address(different street))
Got : address.street = 'rue de la paix'
Expected : address.street = 'rue du bourg'
This is achieved by using a Diffable type class which is automatically generated at compile-time by a macro. The macro
currently supports case classes and some collections (Seq,Set,Map).
For non-case-classes, you can define your own Diffable:
class Person(val name: String, val age: Int, val address: Address)
class Address(val street: String)
implicit lazy val diffablePerson : Diffable[Person] = Diffable.forFields(_.name, _.age, _.address)
implicit lazy val diffableAddress : Diffable[Address] = Diffable.forFields(_.street)
new Person("john",12, new Address("rue de la paix")) must_== new Person("john",12,new Address("rue du bourg"))Will throw the following ComparisonFailure (with JunitMatchers):
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: org.backuity.matchete.XX$Person@46d56d67 is not equal to org.backuity.matchete.XX$Person@d8355a8
Got : address.street = 'rue de la paix'
Expected : address.street = 'rue du bourg'
When matching exactly a collection use must_==
List(Person("john",12), Person("mary",24)) must_== List(Person("john",12), Person("mary",24))
Set(2,1) must_== Set(1,2)
Map(1 -> Person("john",12)) must_== Map(1 -> Person("john",12))For more detailed examples see the following test cases on List or Seq, Set or Map
If you don't want to match accurately you also use one of
contain(matchers: Matcher*)fail if one ofmatchersdoes not match an elementcontainExactly(matchers: Matcher*)fail if- an element isn't matched by a matcher
- a matcher does not match an element
containAny(matchers: Matcher*)fail if none ofmatchersmatches an elementforAll(matcher: Matcher)fail if an element isn't matched bymatcher
Some examples:
List(1,2,3) must contain(be_<(2))
Set(1,2) must containExactly(
an("even number") { case n if n % 2 == 0 => },
be_<(3))
List(1,2,3) must containAny(be_<(5), be_>(100), be_>(200))
List(2,4,6,8) must forAll(be_<(10) and be("an even number") { case n if n % 2 == 0 => })For more examples see here.
def bug() { throw new IllegalArgumentException("this is an error message") }
bug must throwAn[IllegalArgumentException]
bug must throwAn[IllegalArgumentException].withMessage("this is an error message")
bug must throwAn[IllegalArgumentException].withMessageContaining("error", "message")
parse() must throwA[ParsingError].`with`("a correct offset") { case ParsingError(msg,offset) => offset must_== 3 }
parse() must throwA[ParsingError].suchAs { case ParsingError(msg,offset) => offset must_== 3 }Given
case class Person(name: String, age: Int)The following match
List(Person("john", 28), Person("sophie", 12), Person("andrea", 17)) must containExactly(
an("adult"){ case Person(_,age) => age must be_>=(18)},
a("4 letters name"){ case Person(name,_) => name must haveSize(4)},
a("'jo' starting name"){ case Person(name,_) => name must startWith("jo")})Will produce
List(Person(john,28), Person(sophie,12), Person(andrea,17)) has unexpected elements:
- Person(sophie,12) :
* is not an adult: 12 is not >= 18
* is not a 4 letters name: 'sophie' has size 6 but expected size 4
* is not a 'jo' starting name: 'sophie' does not start with 'jo'
- Person(andrea,17) :
* is not an adult: 17 is not >= 18
* is not a 4 letters name: 'andrea' has size 6 but expected size 4
* is not a 'jo' starting name: 'andrea' does not start with 'jo'
Formatting is done by a Formatter type class which can be customized for your own data structures.
implicit val customPersonFormatter = Formatter[Person]{ _.name }
Person("john", 12) must_== Person("mary", 24)
Will produce
john is not equal to mary
Got : age = 12
Expected: age = 24
Extend MatcherSupport, it provides few utilities to build matchers, depending on the level of customization you need.
For instance we could alias an("adult") into a PersonMatchers trait :
trait PersonMatchers extends MatcherSupport {
def anAdult : Matcher[Person] = an("adult") { case Person(_,age) => age must be_>=(18) }
}but if you need more control on the error message then you can use matcher:
def anAdult = matcher[Person](
description = "an adult",
validate = _.age >= 18,
failureDescription = person => s"$person is not an adult, its age (${person.age}) should be greater or equal to 18")of course you can defined parameterized matchers:
def anAdult(ageLimit: Int) : Matcher[Person] = an("adult") { case Person(_,age) => age must be >=(ageLimit) }You can take a look at FileMatchers which isn't part of the core matchers.
Finally to use your matchers, just mix them in your tests:
class MyTests extends JunitMatchers with PersonMatchers { /* ... */ }Say you want the matchers to throw RuntimeException instead of AssertionError. Easy, just implement FailureReporter:
trait FailureReporter {
def fail(msg: String) : Nothing
def failIfDifferentStrings(actual: String, expected: String, msg: String) {
if( actual != expected ) fail(msg)
}
}failIfDifferentStrings can also be overriden if you need to throw different error messages for string mismatch.
I often create a "test-base" trait that groups matchers, diffables and formatters of common interest:
trait CityTestBase extends JunitMatchers
with PersonMatchers
with CityMatchers
with BuildingMatchers /* etc... */ {
implicit val cityDiffable = Diffable.forFields(_.buildings,_.name)
implicit val personFormatter = Formatter[Person]{ _.name }
// more diffable, formatters ...
}In the scala world the matchers offer come in
Those are full blown test frameworks, and their matchers are tightly integrated with the framework, making them slightly more complex (to my taste at least!), and harder to use standalone.
If you're wondering then I guess you've missed a piece of cinematography! I can just highly recommend that you check this out.
